The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.